Which of the following is a common sign of hyperemesis gravidarum?

Severe vomiting is a hallmark symptom of hyperemesis gravidarum, distinguishing it from typical morning sickness which tends to be less severe and more manageable. Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and significant weight loss. This condition can impair the pregnant individual's ability to maintain adequate nutrition and hydration levels, often requiring medical intervention, such as IV fluids or medications to help manage symptoms and ensure the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.

In contrast, frequent headaches, weight gain in the first trimester, and painless urinary incontinence are not typical indicators of hyperemesis gravidarum. Headaches can occur for various reasons during pregnancy but are not directly associated with this severe form of nausea and vomiting. Weight gain, particularly in the early stages, contradicts the expected outcome of hyperemesis gravidarum, where patients often experience weight loss due to inability to keep food down. Painless urinary incontinence may be related to other physiological changes during pregnancy but does not correlate with the severe symptoms found in hyperemesis gravidarum.