Which nutrient is crucial to help prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy?

Folic acid is crucial for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy because it plays a significant role in DNA synthesis and cell division. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, occur in the early stages of fetal development when the neural tube, which eventually forms the baby's brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly. Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy is essential in reducing the risk of these defects.

Health authorities recommend that women of childbearing age take a daily supplement of folic acid, in addition to consuming foods rich in this vitamin, to ensure they have sufficient levels prior to and during pregnancy. Foods such as leafy greens, legumes, nuts, and fortified grains are excellent sources of folic acid. The emphasis on folic acid supplementation is based on significant research indicating its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of neural tube defects, making it a critically important nutrient during the periconceptional period.