Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation?

Preeclampsia is a condition that specifically manifests after 20 weeks of gestation and is defined by the presence of high blood pressure (hypertension) and protein in the urine (proteinuria). This condition can vary in severity and often develops in the latter half of pregnancy. Preeclampsia occurs due to abnormalities in placentation, leading to placental dysfunction, which can affect maternal blood flow and increase blood pressure.

The proteinuria seen in preeclampsia is a significant marker, as it indicates kidneys are being affected by the high blood pressure, which can lead to more severe complications for both the mother and the fetus if not managed properly. This condition is distinct from gestational hypertension, which is characterized by high blood pressure without proteinuria, and chronic hypertension, which exists prior to pregnancy or before 20 weeks of gestation. Eclampsia is a more severe form of preeclampsia where seizures occur, also requiring the presence of the prior signs. Understanding these distinctions is vital for recognizing and managing risks associated with hypertension in pregnancy.