What maternal factor can influence the occurrence of gestational diabetes?

Obesity is a significant maternal factor that can influence the occurrence of gestational diabetes. Women who are overweight or obese prior to pregnancy have an increased risk of developing this condition. Excess body fat, particularly in the abdominal area, can affect how the body responds to insulin, leading to insulin resistance. This means that the body's cells cannot effectively use insulin, which is necessary for regulating blood sugar levels. During pregnancy, hormonal changes further exacerbate insulin resistance, making it more likely for women with obesity to experience elevated blood glucose levels and subsequently develop gestational diabetes.

Although the other factors listed, such as maternal age and genetic predisposition, can also play a role in the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes, obesity is considered one of the most influential risk factors. Preeclampsia history may affect future pregnancies but does not directly influence gestational diabetes compared to the impact of obesity.