What maternal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine?

The correct answer is preeclampsia, which is a significant condition observed during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is defined by the onset of high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine, typically after the 20th week of gestation. This condition can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby if not monitored and managed appropriately.

Preeclampsia occurs due to improper placental development and can lead to vascular problems, affecting the mother’s organs and the flow of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Early detection and management of preeclampsia are crucial to prevent progression to more severe conditions, such as eclampsia, characterized by seizures, or other complications like organ failure.

Gestational hypertension, while also involving high blood pressure during pregnancy, does not include the significant proteinuria that characterizes preeclampsia. Chronic hypertension refers to pre-existing high blood pressure before pregnancy, and eclampsia indicates a progression of preeclampsia that includes seizures, differentiating it further from preeclampsia as a condition.